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Water Filter
Water Filters to Remove Lead
Lead has continued to be used in domestic plumbing in the UK until it was finally banned in new installations in 1969. This means that any property built or renovated before 1970 may still contain lead pipes unless they have been replaced.
If flushing isn’t practical or you're waiting for replacement works to begin, point-of-use water filters can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These water filters are designed to remove both dissolved lead (in solution) and particulate lead (tiny flakes of metal) from drinking water.
Water Filters
If you rely on tap water as your main source of hydration, it may be worth considering a kitchen water filter. These water filters help remove harmful substances like chlorine, lead, and pesticides—though their effectiveness depends on the specific type of water filter used. In addition to improving safety, water filters can also enhance the taste and, in some cases, the appearance of your drinking water.
Can Water Filters Remove Lead?
Water filters are not a dependable solution for lead contamination caused by lead pipes. Even when water filters are certified, they may only reduce part of the lead content—not eliminate it entirely. Since there is no safe level of lead in drinking water, even small traces can be harmful, especially for young children and pregnant women. The only guaranteed way to remove lead from your water supply is to replace the lead pipes completely.
What to Look for in a Lead Water Filter
When selecting a water filter, choose one that meets the following criteria:
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Independent testing certification: In the UK, this is typically approved by the Water Regulations Advisory Scheme (WRAS) or similar recognised bodies.
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Multi-stage filtration: The water filter should explicitly state that it removes both dissolved and particulate lead.
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Cold-water use only: Water filters must be used with cold water only, as hot water can cause more lead to dissolve and may damage the water filter unit.
Common Water Filter Types for Lead Removal
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Under-sink water filters: Installed beneath the kitchen sink and connected directly to the cold tap.
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Tap-mounted water filters: Easy to install directly on the end of the kitchen tap.
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Jug water filters: Convenient and portable, but not all are rated for lead removal—choose carefully based on certified performance claims.
Maintenance and Usage
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for installation and cartridge replacement. Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the water filter remains effective at reducing lead levels.
Note: Water filters are not a substitute for full pipe replacement. They are a temporary solution to reduce exposure while long-term remedial works are arranged.
What to Look for When Choosing the Best Water Filter
Type and Capacity
For jug-style water filters, water bottles, and countertop dispensers that store filtered water, consider size and portability. Larger models reduce refill frequency but are bulkier—taking up more space in your fridge, cupboard, or travel bag. Countertop units are ideal for filtering more water and freeing up fridge space, but they require available counter space and usually provide water at room temperature.
For systems like under-sink, faucet-mounted, shower, or whole-house water filters, size isn’t an issue—they filter water directly as it flows, offering instant access without storage.
Filtration Method
Different water filters target different contaminants. Always check what each water filter is certified to remove to ensure it matches your needs. Look for official NSF certifications:
NSF 372: This water filter focuses on lead reduction.
NSF 401: This water filter covers a wider range, including agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Common filtration methods include:
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Activated Carbon Water Filter: The most widely used method. These water filters trap impurities through adsorption and often include multi-stage filtration to improve taste and smell. Advanced models may include pre-filters for sediment or UV sterilizers to kill bacteria and viruses.
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Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water Filter: This high-performance water filter forces water through a semi-permeable membrane to remove a broad range of contaminants. RO systems are typically more expensive, require installation space, and usually include a storage tank. A water quality test can help determine if this water filter is necessary for your home.
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Ultrafiltration (UF) Water Filter: A less powerful version of RO water filter, using larger membrane pores. UF water filters don’t effectively remove total dissolved solids and are generally not recommended where lead or fine contaminants are a concern.
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Mineral and Alkaline Water Filters: These add minerals like calcium, potassium, and magnesium back into the water. While they can improve taste and may offer some health benefits, more research is needed to validate long-term advantages.
Water Filter Replacement Frequency
Consistent water filter replacement is essential for safe, effective operation. Some models include replacement indicators, while others require monitoring water flow or taste. Slower water flow, discolouration, or an unusual taste may indicate it’s time to change the water filter. Longer-lasting water filters reduce maintenance, and whole-house systems may be a better fit for large households using multiple individual water filters.
Price and Ongoing Costs
Evaluate both the upfront price of the system and the cost of replacement water filters. Some water filters are affordable at first but become expensive over time due to frequent cartridge changes. Do the math on annual costs to find the most cost-effective option for your water usage and household size.
Why Are Lead Pipes Still a Concern?
Lead was once the preferred material for water pipes due to its malleability and durability. However, growing health concerns led to its ban in new UK plumbing installations from 1970 onwards. Despite this, many homes across Scotland still contain legacy lead pipes underground or internally, which can leach toxic lead into the drinking water supply—especially when water has been sitting stagnant.
Testing for Lead in Drinking Water
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Request a free water test from Scottish Water or local council in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen or Inverness.
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Samples include flushed, stagnant, and boundary stop tap sources.
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Levels over 10 micrograms per litre require action.
Final Thoughts The safest drinking water is lead-free. Take action to inspect, test, and replace lead pipes in your property. It is an investment in the health and future of your household.
Identifying Lead Pipe in Your Home
You may have lead pipes if your property was built before 1970. To check:
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Locate your internal stop tap (usually under the kitchen sink).
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Examine the pipe feeding it—lead pipes are dull grey, soft, and reveal shiny metal when scratched.
If your supply pipe resembles this material, you likely have lead pipe. Scottish Water can arrange a free test and visual inspection to confirm.
How Does Lead Enter Your Drinking Water in Scotland?
Lead can dissolve into drinking water under the following conditions:
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Water remains in contact with lead pipes overnight or for long periods.
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The water is naturally soft or slightly acidic.
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Warmer temperatures accelerate lead solubility.
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Pipes are damaged or corroded.
Next Steps if Lead Pipes Are Found
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Replace Lead Pipes: Engage ScotWater to replace any identified lead pipes with approved materials like copper or plastic.
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Inform Scottish Water: If lead is found in the communication pipe, Scottish Water will replace it free of charge upon confirmation.
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Seek Financial Assistance: Some local councils in Scotland offer grants or assistance schemes to help with the cost of replacing lead pipes.
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Regular Testing: After replacement, consider periodic water testing to ensure lead levels remain within safe limits.
Scotland’s Path Forward The Scottish Government and Scottish Water are increasing efforts to improve awareness and infrastructure. From March 2024, all private rental properties must be free from lead water pipes under the Repairing Standard.
The Safest Solution While orthophosphate treatment reduces the risk, replacing all lead pipe is the only way to eliminate exposure. This includes:
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Internal lead pipes
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The private lead supply pipe
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The lead communication pipe (replaced by Scottish Water once the private section is upgraded)
Additional Mitigation Tips
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Never use hot tap water for drinking or cooking.
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Clean tap aerators regularly.
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Avoid using unfiltered water for baby formula.
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Encourage neighbours to act, especially with shared supply pipes.
Partial Lead Pipe Replacement: A Risky Interim Step
Partial lead pipe replacement—where only the public or private section is replaced—can disturb lead particles and increase contamination. Scottish best practice recommends full lead pipe replacement of all sections.
Challenges in Coordinated Replacement
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Cost: £1,500–£12,000 depending on access and length or the water supply pipe pipe
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Ownership: Shared pipes require coordinated action
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Landlord hesitancy: Legal requirements apply for landlords as of March 2024
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Access issues: Some homeowners resist internal/external works
Some councils in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Inverness offer grants or loans to support private lead pipe replacement.
Post-Lead Pipe Replacement Flushing and Safety After pipe replacement, flush your plumbing:
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Run cold taps for 30 minutes
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Clean aerators
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Flush toilets and showers
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Avoid using filters or kettles until flushing is complete
Replace, Don’t Delay Only full lead pipe replacement ensures safe water. Corrosion inhibitors are a short-term measure. If you suspect lead pipes, act now.
Mitigation While Awaiting Lead Pipe Replacement Temporary safety steps include:
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Flushing taps for 3–5 minutes before use
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Using only cold water for consumption
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Cleaning aerators
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Using a good quality water filter
Scottish Water’s Corrosion Control Scottish Water uses orthophosphate to reduce lead absorption but interruptions in treatment can raise risks.
Long Water Supply Pipe? If your supply pipe is over 30 metres, flushing alone is ineffective—lead pipe replacement is recommended.
Using Water Filters to Remove Lead Point-of-use filters can help while you wait for lead pipe replacement. Look for:
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Certification (WRAS or equivalent)
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Filters that remove dissolved and particulate lead
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Cold water only devices
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Types of filters:
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Under-sink
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Tap-mounted
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Jug filters (check lead removal specifications)
How to Replace Your Lead Pipe
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Book a free test if concerned
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Apply for replacement through Scottish Water
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Use ScotWaters lead pipe replacement service
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Await approval before reconnecting to the main
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Explore grants and support options
Final thoughts replacing lead pipes is an investment in health, safety, and compliance. Whether you own or rent your home, identifying and upgrading lead plumbing protects everyone in the household.
Let ScotWater Help
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Contact us for support
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Book a site visit or video call
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Work with your neighbours to coordinate shared lead pipe replacement
Together, we can ensure safe, lead-free drinking water across Scotland.
Replacing Lead Pipes in Scotland: Responsibilities, Challenges, and Best Practice
Across Scotland, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Inverness many older properties—particularly those built before 1970—still rely on outdated lead pipes to supply drinking water from the public main into homes. Replacing these lead pipes is the only permanent way to eliminate the risk of lead exposure from domestic water systems.
Summary
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Check for lead pipes in properties built before 1970.
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Flush cold taps in the morning.
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Test your water if in doubt.
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Replace lead pipes fully for safety.
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Scottish Water will replace their section on the public highway free if you replace yours.
Be Lead Aware – Take Action Lead pipes pose a hidden but serious risk. Identify them, seek expert advice, and plan your lead pipe replacement strategy today. For help, contact ScotWater for a free quote today.
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